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A group of researchers at the state university conducts a study investigating the relationship between cigarette smoking and vascular dementia. Retrospective data are obtained from a cross-sectional survey on smoking habits and later neurologic symptoms as observed by close relatives. Researchers find that smokers are four times as likely as nonsmokers to suffer from vascular dementia and that they also consume twice as much alcohol as nonsmokers in their study. Which of the following statements could be accurately made on the basis of the available information?
(A) Both alcohol and cigarettes independently increase the risk for vascular dementia
(B) Drinking alcohol increases the risk for vascular dementia
(C) Smokers are more likely to drink than non-smokers
(D) Smoking cigarettes increases the risk for vascular dementia
(E) Smoking increases the risk for vascular dementia, but alcohol has no effect on the risk
A group of researchers at the state university conducts a study investigating the relationship between cigarette smoking and vascular dementia. Retrospective data are obtained from a cross-sectional survey on smoking habits and later neurologic symptoms as observed by close relatives. Researchers find that smokers are four times as likely as nonsmokers to suffer from vascular dementia and that they also consume twice as much alcohol as nonsmokers in their study. Which of the following statements could be accurately made on the basis of the available information?
(A) Both alcohol and cigarettes independently increase the risk for vascular dementia
(B) Drinking alcohol increases the risk for vascular dementia
(C) Smokers are more likely to drink than non-smokers
(D) Smoking cigarettes increases the risk for vascular dementia
(E) Smoking increases the risk for vascular dementia, but alcohol has no effect on the risk
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